Harappa :: essays research papers

The Indus Valley civilization flourished around the year 2500B.C., in the western part of s placehern Asia, in what is right off Pakistan and western India. In addition it is referred to as the Harappan Civilization after the first city that was discovered, Harappa. Eventually, the Harappan Civilization completely vanished around 1500B.C.Men and women used to wear dark-skinned robes. Women wore lots of jewelry and even lipstick. In addition women would wear bracelets like the ones that are worn today in present day India.Harappans houses were made out of baked brick, they were mostly one or two stories high, flat roofs and all of them were almost identical. Each house had its own well, drinking water and sometimes their own bathroom. People had clay pipes, which led from their bathroom to a sewage pipe that eventually ran out into a lake or river.These people were very nigh farmers of their time so they would usually have something like wheat bread and barley for dinner. Harappan s grew peas, melons, barley, dates and wheat. Farmers would raise cotton, and had zebus, pigs and sheep. In addition the Harappans were so advanced they caught fish in the river with hooks Little kids also had toys to play with as children. Some of the things people have found are, whistles, shaped like birds, small carts and toy monkeys that could slide down pat(p) a string.Harappan entertainment was dancing, which they loved and there was a big swimming pool that was used for the public. In addition around the pool there were one-on-one baths and changing and dressing rooms. Transportation was ox, camels and elephants to travel on the land. They also had carts with wooden wheels. There were also sailing ships with masts that were supposedly used for sailing around the Arabian Sea.It is true that in the Harappan Civilization they did not write any cave carvings or a written language, except a few sentences, which we dont understand. Something incredible that happened was around 1 500B.C. These people just all disappeared. Nobody knows why it happened, but they have clues, like maybe they ran out of wood to hold book binding the flooding and they would have died if they stayed.Scientists have found out that 1,400 Indus sites were discovered since 1996 which is big enough to make the Harappan Civilization an Empire. The only problem is that there is no sign that emperors governed these people.

Alcohol and the Causes of Student Binge Drinking Essay -- Expository C

Causes of Student flood Drinking Weve all heard it before Too much of anything is bad for us. The keep down of fill drinking occurring on American college campuses today proves that college students do not heed this warning. Binge drinking, or drinking for the purpose of getting drunk, harms both drinkers and non-drinkers alike. As todays college students come dangerously close to being swept away in the sea of papers, exams, jobs, and interviews, they use bingeing as the lifeboat that allows them to escape the strive. It allows them to forget their worries, fit in with the crowd, and screw on the edge in a fast-paced world that normally does not leave time for such activities. Teetering on the brink of adulthood, yet mute trapped in childhood makes drinking decisions difficult for many college students. A desire to get away from our usual lives because of societal regulations and conformity, psychological and emotional problems, and the stress of everyday life causes college b inge drinking. The need to conform to societal norms set by peers leads to college binge drinking. Over the years, drinking has become a popular by-line for college students. A study conducted by Dr. Katherine C. Lyall of the University of Wisconsin defined binge drinking as five or more drinks in a row one or more times during a two week period for men, and four or more drinks in a row one or more times during the same period for women. Lyalls study, in which 145 colleges from 40 states participated, found that 84% of all students drank during the school year. It also found that 44% of all students were binge drinkers, and 19% binged three or more times within a two week period (Lyall). Students feel the need to drink in revise to fit in wit... ... well as those surrounding him or her. Societal norms, psychological and emotional problems, and stress all contribute to binge drinking. These factors should not be excuses, however. Todays college students are capable of finding a legal and safe lifeboat that keeps them from being sucked under the waves of daunting college pressures. Works Cited Addeo, Edmond G. and Jovita Reichling. Why Our Children Drink. Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall, 1975. Hamilton, Cheryl. Communicating for Results. Belmont Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1997. Lyall, Katherine C., PhD. Binge Drinking on American College Campuses. August 1995. October 14, 1998. (available online). http//www.hsph.harvard.edu/cas/RWJ_S.htm North, Robert and Richard Orange, Jr. Teenage Drinking. New York Collier Books, 1980. Rouse, Ewing. Drinking. Chicago Nelson-Hall, 1978.

Achrondoplasia Essay -- essays research papers

Imagine living in a world where everything is super-sized. Imagine having to step on a stool to crawl into bed, or having to climb onto a shelf to be able to reach a light switch. Most of all, imagine having to envision up to your much taller younger sister when she speaks to you. Situations like these are what Ivy Broadhead, a teenager with achondroplasia, nominate to go through everyday.Ivy was born with achondroplasia, the some common form of dwarfism. It is caused by the presence of two mutant alleles in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3). It is a substitution, to be precise, at nucleotide number 1138 in the DNA. This substitution on the DNA level results in a minute change on the protein level. This change in the protein impairs the function of the FGFR3 receptor. It is not currently know how this change produces the features of achondroplasia, but scientists are working on it.Ivy is the third constituentration in her family to be affected by achondroplasia. Her grandfather, her father, and her brother also have it. Achondroplasia is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait whereby only a single copy of the ab linguistic rule gene is required to cause achondroplasia. nought with the mutated gene can escape having achondroplasia. Many individuals with achondroplasia have normal parents, though. In this case, the genetic disorder would be caused by a de novo gene mutation. De novo gene mutations are associated with advanced paternal age, often defined as over age 35 years. If an individual with achondroplasia produce offspring with a normal individual, the chances of the offspring inheriting the mutant allele achondroplasia is 50%. If both of the parents have achondroplasia, the chances that their offspring will be of normal stature a... ...asia. University of Virginia Health System. 6 Nov. 2007. University of Virginia. 03 Feb. 2008 . Anonymous (4). Zoey. Zoeys Story- Achondroplasia. 27 Sept. 2007. 3 Feb. 2008 .Broadhead, Ivy. Living with Achondroplasia. ChronicleLive. 4 Aug. 2005. The Evening Chronicle. 3 Feb. 2008 . Francomano, Clair A. Achondroplasia. Gene Reviews. 9 Jan. 2006. 02 Feb. 2008 . Nicholson, Linda. Genetic Counseling. Kids Health. Apr. 2007. 3 Feb. 2008 .

Beauty - Moving Beyound Eating Disorders and Plastic Surgery :: Beauty and the Media

Beauty - Moving Beyound Eating Disorders and Plastic SurgeryEverywhere we look there is an alluring face, an exotic, unflawed statuesque body, overlaying one of the largest networking systems for fashion, beauty, and cosmetics of all kinds. Magazines such as Elle, Vogue, Maxim, FHM, and many a(prenominal) more, feed into womans minds of what is beautiful or the ideal self. We all struggle with glide path in touch with our real self-verses our ideal self. Angelina Jolie is considered publicly as one of the most beautiful women in the world. So what is it about her that is so captivating? Her brilliant lips, which are not collagen injected? Her long black, brown, or even dirty blonde hair, depending on her role I suppose? Not to mention, the one thing that is, unluckily and freely observed the most her sex appeal. Here is an example of what I mean. In a movie called Gia, she portrays a heroin addicted model, which might I add, is a movie based on actual events. Her career and heal th were diminished because of her addiction and the amount of pressure put on her to live up to the industries expectations. But does the film industry take these factual events to a level of complete disillusion? The answer is no. Beautiful women everywhere, that are not celebrities or models, constantly adjust themselves to remain on an unbalanced pedestal that purposively determines what defines being attractive. The amount of hype in the entertainment society causes several problems in the cosmetics of fashion. new teenage woman strive to achieve having the prettiest hair with the perfect highlight. These young, vulnerable teenagers are determined to be the ultimate trendsetter. Weight loss and gain is a common issue among this vulnerable, low self-esteemed, diamonds in the rough. For instance, take the Hollywood Diet. The Hollywood Diet is a liquid drink composed of vitamins and minerals, amongst natural diuretics and orange extract. somewhat of the ingredients may cause an i ncrease in blood pressure when introducing cardiovascular activities. Also, for some people, when there is a pre-existing heart condition combined with unbecoming meal intake and no mineral supplements, heart failure can occur. Woman tend to compare themselves a lot with celebrities or even opposite beautiful woman they simply pass in the streets. From a personal perspective, I make comparisons all the time. Eating disorders are an unfortunate disease that many suffer from due to the glamorized depiction of what beauty really is.

The Death Penalty Is Archaic and Immoral Essay -- Against Capital Punis

The death penalty is simply a modernized version of the Holy Bibles an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot. Some argue that death is a inevitable retribution for murderous cases - but is it effective morally? Revenge only glorifies violence, which is most definitely not the message the world strives to display. The death penalty is a negative form of punishment and insinuates a harsh reflection of society economically, politically, and socially. More than two thirds of the worlds countries formally oppose the death penalty, withal only fifteen out of the fifty United States also object against the decree. What does this say about America? The United States represents freedom yet braces an extremely unjust law that sharply curtails the lives of innocent people. From 1972 to 1976 the death penalty was deemed cruel and unusual punishment under the eighth Amendment. Though technology has allowed for a less(prenominal) painful death, what m akes the action of killing someone today any different from killing someone in 1972? We simply do not have the ...

The Death Penalty Is Archaic and Immoral Essay -- Against Capital Punis

The death penalty is simply a modernized version of the Holy Bibles an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot. Some argue that death is a necessary retribution for murderous cases - but is it effective morally? Revenge only glorifies violence, which is most definitely not the message the world strives to display. The death penalty is a negative form of punishment and insinuates a harsh reflection of society economically, politically, and socially. More than two thirds of the worlds countries formally oppose the death penalty, yet only fifteen out of the fifty United States also object against the decree. What does this say about America? The United States represents freedom yet braces an extremely unjust law that sharply curtails the lives of unbiased people. From 1972 to 1976 the death penalty was deemed cruel and unusual punishment under the eighth Amendment. Though technology has allowed for a less painful death, what makes the action of killing somebody today any different from killing someone in 1972? We simply do not have the ...

Mcmaster Children’s Hospital Essay

Mcmaster Childrens Hospital is a caring for our future, one child at a time. It was place as one of the hospitals who provided the best tending for patients and is also awarded with Profiling Excellence in Family-Centered C ar in 2008. Aside from receiving various awards and recognition for the quality of their run it is also one of the largest pediatric hospital in Canada and ranked second busiest in Ontario. It also has 40 pediatric clinics with diverse specialization which rouse care illness of almost any kind.It is corresponding a one stop shop wherein all that you need in child care treatment, child care specialists and medicines are all there. In addition, it has also specialization on child care disorder. Because of its size and specialization a number of clients and patients advise be accommodated presently once they approach the lobby area. Superior care can be given to children because of it advocates the inherent worth of youth and children.Another characteristic of Mcmaster that set it excursus from other hospitals is that it does not surpassed the opinion of patients (the youth and the children) as well as their families in deciding for their welfare. Before deciding for a certain treatment and the like they consult first the concern people. As it is best for children it is also recommended for babies because of its newly installed intensive care units for neonatal. It best fits pregnant women for the superior caring of their unborn children because it can give thorough care to the pregnant women beginning from pre-natal stage to post-natal stage.As it advocates innovation, one may experience an extraordinary hospital treatment because of its innovative facilities. As it advocates quality service, a patients, clients, or visitors are surely to experience a comfortable stay in the hospital. The nurses and medical practitioners are all very fit and are very helpful in any way possible. For the families, the Mcmaster hospital is an absolute safe alternative haven for your children and relatives who happened to visit or to be engrossed in the hospital. All of the staff has proper identification and name tags, likewise, the patients, have identification bands.In case that someone needs assistance whether in room or bathrooms, call bells are available to inform nurses. As for the hospitals organization, the structure is formal with moderate degree of bureaucracy. The decision making cognitive care for is participative, with the patients, clients and residents as partner in decision making. Although, the Mcmaster organization is generally stable and the functions can be considered as highly effective and efficient there are also some improvement that can be done to the organization for superior achievement of goals and better-quality satisfaction of customers.First, the Mcmaster organization may opt to post more and detailed information on their websites regarding their facilities and services. The customers can gene rate more information and knowledge about their services if this can be done. Another diversify that can be implemented is the adaptation of modern medical record technology. Several years ago, technology adaptation in medical recording has hailed a horrific welcome from medical practitioners and health care providers.The goal of this is to ensure a secure exchange of health matter information through out the case system. The basic assumption of the electronic medical record directive is to secure accessibility to patients health information, whenever and wherever needed. Improving the quality of service requires a change in the system that will also bring forth efficiency which is the very heart of the so called EMR. The modern way of recording can be more protective for patients information.It will serve as a tool in promoting a more secure environment. Even the staff is assigned to l00 patients he/she will be able to enjoy a hassle free recording because of the automatic comma nds in computer that will speed up the process unlike the manual recording. The EMR will help decrease errors in medical recording. The medical attendants to patients time will be also increase because there is no longer need for checking on the time consuming paper records and correcting on the misreported patients information and diagnoses.

Breakfast Club Movie Review

Cliques are throngs of people with interchangeable interests and goals, who spend a majority of their time with to each(prenominal) one other. They can be found at every high school. The Breakfast Club is a movie that brings five students belonging to different cliques together in an unfortunate situation- detainment. At the beginning of the movie, these five students appear to be very different people who be possessed of nothing to say to each other. However, throughout the movie, the sanctions of each clique become less relevant, and they find that they themselves have formed their own clique The Breakfast Club.Coming into the detention session, each character has a fixation in a stereotypical high school graphic symbol. Claire is the princess an upper-class, popular socialite who is in detention for ditching class to go shopping. In contrast, curve is a lower-class (and perhaps abused) green man who has a perception of being a sociopathic criminal. Because toot constantl y questions and defies authority, he is a detention professional. Andrew (the jock) is a disciplined and driven wrestler who wants to break free from the demands of the athlete role.Brian (the brain) is a straight-A student who struggles with expectations of high gradesand who is experiencing devastation about his recent failures in shop class. Fin tout ensembley, Allison is an ignored introvert who longs for attention and in attempt to receive it, acts like a deviant basket case. At the beginning of the session, the determination of the status by the pecking order of the schools social structure. During the school week, Andrew and Claire have high social status. They recognize their shared status level and sit by each other upon entering the detention session.The two break into conference about their mutual high-status friends whereas the other detention attendees listen. Brian is probably next in the school status hierarchy because of his intelligence, but he is also a geek. H igh-status students unremarkably ignore him. In the schools caste system, Bender and Allison are the social bottom feeders. Early in the movie, it becomes clear that a different social order is developing. Bender is the expert at Saturday detentions and is on a world-class-name basis with the janitor and Mister Vernon (the detention teacher). Detention sessions are clearly Benders turf and his status on Saturdays is high.Brian seems to recognize this when he gives up his seat to John and waits for John to take off his coat before he removes his own. As is true of high-status members, John begins making and breaking norms. He is the first to break the principals explicit rule of no one moves from their seats. He also breaks the implicit rule of respect for authority when he tears up a library book and when he removes a screw out of the library door so it will not remain open. The groups abandon normal roles and give new roles on, as they develop during the detention session.In co ntrast to his usual low-status position, Bender has high status during the session because of his detention expertise. He assumes a leadership role in which his defiant questions and actions create value rather than disdain. Andrew also deviates from the normal behaviors of his high-status school behaviors. He develops emotionally by abandoning his macho athlete role when he cries in front of the. Brian, the conformist geek, asks courageous questions and begins to appear more secure and functional than his new detention friends. Brian, Claire, and Andrew break from their normal roles by smoking marijuana with Bender.Allison, the basket case, steps out of her silent, unsociable role when Andrew shows interest in her as they walk to the cafeteria to get milk for lunch. Although she uses lies and deviant behavior to get Claire to rat her virginity, Allison provides wise observations that are contrary to her perceived role. For example, when the group is trying to coerce Claire into c onfessing her sexual activities, Allison notes, Its a double-edged sword, isnt it? If you have had sex youre a slut, and if you havent youre a prude (Hughes & Hughes, 1985).Allison also steps out of role by allowing Claire to give her a cosmetic makeover, after which she begins to court Andrew. Brian exhibits a change when it comes time to write the need detention essay. The group gives him authority to write their papers because his perception is most intelligent. Brian is more expressive and sociable when he asks the important question, Come Monday, are we all friends? (Hughes & Hughes, 1985). Before the detention session he would not have questioned the group because he was not confident enough to speak up.The group develops together by first occupying the same space for an extended amount of time. Because of a common enemy, Mister Vernon, they band together even though it is against the norm. An early indicator of group individualism emerges in Benders use of we as he asks, Why dont we close that door? We cant have any party with Vernon checking us out. (Hughes & Hughes, 1985). They begin to perform as a group after Bender removes the screw from the door leading to Vernons office. The other students cover for him when Vernon comes back asking, How did that door get shut? (Hughes & Hughes, 1985).Self-disclosure further helps the development of the group. Bender gets Claire to self-disclose about her feelings toward her parents. Andrew turns and asks Bender to tell about his parents. This discussion is critical to the development because the group members begin to see the similarity of their struggles. It also helps them to identify with each other. When the group pressured Claire to confess her virginity, embarrassed she calls Allison bizarre for lying to force the confession. To which, Andrew replies, We are all pretty bizarre. Some of us are better at hiding it, thats all. This label another point of similarity they all protect their self-concepts by putting on faces in line with the expectations that others have for them. Andrew describes his struggle to live up to his fathers gymnastic expectations and Bender tells of his fathers abuse. Thus, two very different characters find common ground, typified by Benders comment to Andrew I think my dad and your dad ought to get together and go bowling (Hughes & Hughes, 1985). In a quotation that begins and ends the movie, Brian reads from an essay that the Breakfast Club writes to Mister Vernon You see us as you want to see us.In the simplest terms, in the most satisfied definitions. You see us as a brain, an athlete, a basket case, a princess and a criminal. Correct? Thats the way we saw each other at septet oclock this morning. We were brainwashed. (Hughes & Hughes, 1985). This quote demonstrates the cognitive development of the students. They now realize their perception of each other because of the social stereotype and how they were wrong. As they band together to fight aga inst mutual enemiesparents, peer pressure, authority figures, stereotypes, boredomthe Breakfast Club develops into a unified group.While nothing appears to alter the worlds view (or Vernons) of these five students, they learn to direct past the stereotypes of each other. They empathize with each others struggles, dismiss some of the inaccuracies of their first impressions, and discover that they are more similar than different. As they leave the detention session, their acceptance of each other becomes significant by Claire and Bender. They walk out of school arm in arm she turns up her collar punk direction and he dons one of her diamond earrings. Each student both takes from and gives to the members of the Breakfast Club.

Hypnotism Research Paper

When close to hear the word hint, they think of a mysterious, suited figure waving a pocket watch back and forth in front of someones eyes. Most picture this ominous manhood guiding his subject into a semi- recreation, zombie-like raise with absolute ease. Once hypnotized, the subject effortlessly moves and speaks and acts as if they argon on an invisible leash guided by the hypnotiser. We believe the subject is compelled to obey all command, no matter how strange or unreasonable, muttering, Yes, master. This popular representation is what is shown of hypnotism in movies and television, scarcely in fact, it is so much different.People befool been pondering and arguing all over hypnosis for more than 200 years, but science has yet to fully explain how it actu make outlyy happens. Hypnosis involves the subconscious listen taking over and female genitalia be employd for shows and entertainment or psychiatric hypnotherapy. Present day hypnotist, Cody Horton has been refer red to as The Worlds Most Spell-Binding re-create Hypnotist. She is the author of several motivating, self- patron books, and self-hypnotism audio books that can help you solve just about any problem you may have. On Hypnotism, a book write by the famous hypnotist, James Braid in 1860, helps to explain the origin of hypnotherapy and correct many of the historical misconceptions that have developed regarding the actual meaning of hypnotism. Our agreement of hypnosis has enormously advanced in the past century, but the phenomenon is still considered a mystery. Figuring out how hypnotism plant is just a small world of a much larger puzzle, how the human consciousness works. Scientists are unlikely to arrive at a definitive explanation of the nous in the predictable future, so it is a good bet that hypnosis forget remain very close to a mystery.Psychiatrists do understand the general characteristics of hypnosis, and they even have a model as to how to works. We can easily see what a person does when they are under hypnosis, but it is not clear as to why they do it or what makes them do it. Hypnotism is considered a trance state where the subject is easily suggested into doing things, relaxed, and has an exceedingly heightened imagination. It is often compared to daydreaming or the determineing of losing yourself in a book or a movie. (Harris, 2010) As you watch a movie you become engrossed in the plot, and most worries about your job, family, etc. ade away, until all youre thinking about is whats up on the screen.Though it is sometimes compared to sleeping, that is not valid because the subject is alert the entire time and fully conscious. You become focused intently on one object, thought, or action and nearly exclude every other thought or stimuli around you. Milton Erickson, the premier hypnotism expert of the twentieth century, contended that mess hypnotize themselves on a daily basis. He believed that in our everyday trance of a daydream or movi e, an imaginary world becomes incredibly real to us, and can even create real fear or happiness. Hypnotherapy an Exploratory Casebook, 8-11) Being in this sort of self-trance fully engages our emotions and can cause us to react to things differently then we normally would. In conventional hypnosis, the hypnotist causes their thoughts and suggestions to become the subjects own ideas and emotions. In this reality, if the hypnotist suggests that your tongue has narcissistic up to twice its size, youll feel a sensation in your mouth and you may have trouble talking. If the hypnotist suggests that you are afraid, you may feel anxious(p) and even begin to sweat.When the hypnotist tells you do something, youll probably embrace the idea completely because in this state the subject is highly suggestible. But the entire time, you are aware that its all imaginary and that is why hypnotists cannot get their subjects to do anything they dont expect to do. In this mental state, people feel un inhibited and extremely relaxed, which causes them to tune out all worries and doubts that normally keep people in check. (Harris, 2010) Hypnosis directly involves a persons subconscious mind.When youre awake, your conscious mind works to evaluate a lot of your thoughts, make decisions and put certain ideas into action. It also processes new in defecateation and relays it to the subconscious mind. The subconscious mind takes care of all the things you do automatically, like breathing. The subconscious mind processes the material information your body receives and rattling lets you solve problems, create conversation and put together plans and ideas. But when youre asleep, the conscious mind gets out of the way, and your subconscious has free reign.Psychiatrists theorize that the deep relaxation and focusing exercises of hypnotism work to calm and subdue the conscious mind so that it takes a less active role in your thinking process. In this state, youre still aware of whats going on, but your conscious mind takes a backseat to your subconscious mind. Effectively, this allows you and the hypnotist to work directly with the subconscious. It provides an especially convincing explanation for the playfulness and uninhibitedness of hypnotic subjects.The conscious mind is the main inhibitive component in your makeup its in hot flash of putting on the brakes while the subconscious mind is the seat of imagination and impulse. When your subconscious mind is in control, you feel much freer and may be more creative. Your conscious mind doesnt have to filter through everything. (Harris, 2010) Hypnotized people do such bizarre things so willingly, this theory holds, because the conscious mind is not filtering and relaying the information they take in.Of course, your subconscious mind does have a conscience, a survival instinct and its own ideas, so there are a lot of things it wont agree to. The subconscious regulates your bodily sensations, such as taste, touch and si ght, as well as your emotional feelings. When the access door is open, and the hypnotist can speak to your subconscious directly, he or she can trigger all these feelings, so you experience the taste of a chocolate milkshake, the satisfaction of contentment and any number of other feelings. Additionally, the subconscious is the storehouse for all your memories.While under hypnosis, subjects may be able to access past events that they have completely forgotten. Psychiatrists may use hypnotism to bring up these memories so that a related personal problem can finally be resolved. Since the subjects mind is in such a suggestible state, it is also possible to create false memories. For this reason, psychiatrists must be extremely careful when exploring a hypnotic subjects past. In numerous studies, researchers have compared the sensual body signs of hypnotic subjects with those of unhypnotized people.In most of these studies, the researchers found no significant physical change associat ed with the trance state of hypnosis. The subjects heart rate and respiration may easy down, but this is due to the relaxation involved in the hypnotism process, not the hypnotic state itself. There does seem to be changed activity in the brain, however. The most notable data comes from electroencephalographs (EEGs), measurements of the electrical activity of the brain. Extensive EEG research has demonstrated that brains produce different brain waves, rhythms of electrical voltage, depending on their mental state.Deep sleep has a different rhythm than dreaming, for example, and full alertness has a different rhythm than relaxation. In some studies, EEGs from subjects under hypnosis showed a boost in the disgrace frequency waves associated with dreaming and sleep, and a drop in the higher frequency waves associated with full wakefulness. Brain-wave information is not a definitive indicator of how the mind is operating, but this pattern does fit the hypothesis that the conscious min d backs off during hypnosis and the subconscious mind takes a more active role. Researchers have also studied patterns in the brains cerebral cortex that occur during hypnosis.In these studies, hypnotic subjects showed reduced activity in the left cerebral hemisphere of the cerebral cortex, while activity in the right hemisphere often increased. Neurologists believe that the left hemisphere of the cortex is the logical control center of the brain it operates on deduction, reasoning and convention. The right hemisphere, in contrast, controls imagination and creativity. A decrease in left-hemisphere activity fits with the hypothesis that hypnosis subdues the conscious minds inhibitory influence. Conversely, an increase in right-brain activity supports the idea that the creative, impulsive subconscious mind takes the reigns.This is by no means conclusive evidence, but it does lend credence to the idea that hypnotism opens up the subconscious mind. Whether or not hypnosis is actually a physiological phenomenon, millions of people do practice hypnotism regularly, and millions of subjects report that it has worked on them. Hypnotists methods vary, but they all depend on a few basic prerequisites. The subject must want to be hypnotized, they must believe he or she can be hypnotized, and the subject must eventually feel snug and relaxed.Depending on the persons mental state and personality, the entire hypnotism process can take anywhere from a few minutes to more than a half hour. Hypnotists and hypnotism proponents see the remaining mental state as a powerful tool with a wide range of applications. In the hypnotism shows of Las Vegas, as well as the locomotion hypnotism demonstrations on the college circuit, hypnotism is used primarily for entertainment purposes. Its an amazing experience watching somebody turn ordinary people, perhaps your friends or family, into awful performers.The power of suggestion and imagination, and the lowering of inhibition, does make f or a fantastic show. But these demonstrations only scratch the surface of what hypnotism can do all the suggestions are intentionally frivolous, to ensure that nobody gets hurt. The hypnotist uses his or her access to the unconscious mind only to play with the subject. More involved hypnotism uses this access to simulate long-term changes in the subject. The most widespread example of this hypnotic behavioral modification is tog-control hypnotic treatment.In this application, a hypnotist focuses on one particular habit that is embedded in your unconscious (smoking or overeating, for example). With the control panel to your mind open, the hypnotist may be able to reprogram your subconscious to reverse the behavior. Some hypnotists do this by connecting a negative response with the bad habit. For example, the hypnotist might suggest to your subconscious that smoking will cause nausea. If this association is programmed effectively, you will feel sick every time you think about smoki ng a cigarette.Alternatively, the hypnotist may build up your willpower, suggesting to your subconscious that you dont need cigarettes, and you dont want them. Habit-control hypnotism is commonly practiced on a mass scale, in day-long seminars held in hotel suites, or through audio tapes or CDs. Since the treatment is not specifically bespoken to each subject, and the treatment is rapid, these programs are often ineffective. Even if the treatment does yield positive results in the short term, theres a good chance that the subject will relapse eventually. A related application of hypnotism is psychiatric hypnotherapy.In a therapy session, a psychiatrist may hypnotize his or her subject in ready to work with deep, entrenched personal problems. The therapy may take the form of breaking negative patterns of behavior, as with mass habit-control programs. This can be particularly effective in addressing phobias, unreasonable fears of particular objects or situations. Another form of psy chiatric hypnotherapy involves bringing underlying psychiatric problems up to the conscious level. Accessing fears, memories and repressed emotions can help to brighten difficult issues and bring resolution to persistent problems.Hypnotists may also tap dormant memories to aid in law enforcement. In this practice, called forensic hypnotism, investigators access a subjects deep, repressed memories of a past crime to help identify a suspect or fill in details of the case. Since hypnotists may lead subjects to form false memories, this technique is still very controversial in the forensics world. Another controversial form of hypnotism is medical hypnotherapy. Doctors and spiritual leaders all over the world claim that hypnotic suggestion can ease pain and even cure illness in some patients.The underlying idea tardily this is that the mind and body are inextricably intertwined. When you suggest to the subconscious that the body does not feel pain, or that the body is free of disease, the subconscious may actually bring about the change. There is a great deal of anecdotal evidence to support this idea. Using only hypnotic suggestion as an anesthetic, thousands of women have made it through childbirth with minimal pain and discomfort. Countless cancer patients swear by hypnosis, claiming that it helps to manage the pain of chemotherapy, and some former patients credit their recuperation to hypnotherapy.The success of hypnotherapy is undeniable, but many doctors argue that the hypnotic trance is not actually responsible for the positive results. In the general sense, this phenomenon is known as the placebo effect. In numerous studies, people who were given ordinary sugar pills behaved and felt differently only because they thought they should. Its clear that the mind can influence all aspects of the physical body, so it makes sense that a firmly held belief can reduce pain or even help treat a disease. But in the end, this explanation of hypnosis amounts to pretty much the same thing as the trance theory.When you absolutely convince somebody that youve brought about a change in their subconscious, they shew this information as a fact. Like any fact, this information will take root in the subconscious mind. So, even if the hypnotic state is null more than a figment of the subjects imagination, hypnotic suggestions can still reform their deeply held beliefs. The end result is the same Modern hypnotist and self help guru, Cody Horton, received her certification in Clinical Hypnotherapy from the National Board of Hypnotherapy and Hypnotic Anesthesiology.With special training in entrepreneurship, meditation and the mind/body connection, she has helped tens of thousands of people come upon incredible inner-transformation making the way for wealth, wisdom and success Cody is known worldwide as one of the most powerful and captivating hypnotists in the world. Her shows have been exposit as an hilariously entertaining, and intellectually stimula ting presentation that starts from the minute volunteers go up on stage. Not only does she put on a seriocomic and spell binding show, she has written numerous books and has many audio books out.Cody aims to change the publics views of hypnotism because she knows that mostly everyone thinks that they will not be in control while going under. Cody has said, Allow me to dispel a myth the belief that while in a state of hypnosis, you are under the complete control of the hypnotist. The truth of the matter is that if any one suggestion feels uncomfortable for you, it will be immediately rejected by your subconscious mind. She wants her subjects to feel comfortable and sincerely wants to help people. Her one-on-one hypnotherapy sessions can help with weight management to self confidence to quitting a bad habit and even phobias.Hypnotists such as Cody Horton have helped people all over the world with their problems and have entertained countless crowds during their unbelievable performa nces. (Prepare Yourself to Be Mystified, 2010)Works Cited Erickson, Milton H. , and Ernest Lawrence. Rossi. Foreword. Hypnotherapy an Exploratory Casebook. New York Irvington, 1992. 8-11. Print. Harris, Tom. HowStuffWorks How Hypnosis Works Howstuffworks Science Web. 01 Nov. 2010. lthttp//science. howstuffworks. com/science-vs-myth/extrasensory-percep

Impact of It on Process Improvement

VOL. 3, NO. 1, January 2012 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of emerging Trends in figuring and Information Sciences 2009-2012 CIS Journal. altogether rights reserved. http//www. cisjournal. org Impact of IT on Process Improvement 1 1 Lotfollah najjar, 2 Ziaul huq, 3 Seyed-mahmoud aghazadeh, 4 Saeedreza hafeznezamiCollege of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA, Fax 402-554-3284, 2 College of Business Administration, University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA, Fax 402-554-268, 3 section of Business Administration, School of Business, State University of New York at Fredonia, Fredonia, Ny 14063, USA, Fax 716-673-3332, 4 Civil and Environmental Engineering UCLA, 5731 Boelter Hall, box 951593 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593 1 emailprotected unomaha. edu, emailprotected, emailprotected edu, emailprotected com. ABSTRACTThere has been a escape of empirical research related to the social occasion of IT in cognitive handle melioration in a multidimensional behavior. T he purpose of this composing is to investigate the extent that IT could be habitd (from low tech to laid-back tech and constraint to proactive), type of transit reengineering roves employed (compromise to radical) and their effect on cockeyed mental play. The firm deed was delimit as market sh argon, customer descents steering, IT impact, and efficiency (as multifaceted such as lowering the cost, lowering the process variability, and lead time).Data from 108 small-to-medium surface organizations both in helping and in manufacturing were collected for this drive. Both Factor Analysis and MANOVA Analysis were employed to analyze these relationships and to find out the optimum points (interaction among the types of IT and types of BPR) and their effect on firm performance. ). The resolution showed that organizations that adapt high gear up engine room al oneness or BPR alone bottom non pass on the same impression and pipeline performance as the organization that benefits from interdependency in the midst of IT and BPR.Keywords BPR, IT, Organizational Performance, Process Improvement, CRM, Efficiency, Factor Analysis, MANOVA. 1. INTRODUCTION The modern subscriber line organization is a complex collection of business processes, which cross multiple business units and cargo deck everything from the mundane daily operations to core business processes. Many of these business processes provoke changed very little since their original effectuation, thus failing to interest utility of youthful best practices or technological advancements.Over time, businesses realized that their current processes were no longer providing a competitive advantage, and that changes to processes were necessary in parliamentary procedure to amend performance. In order to change the processes or to build completely newborn ones, process redesign or forward motion must make for place. Whether the method is Total pure tone Management (TQM), half-dozen Sigma, Business Process Reengineering (BPR), or one of the many others, the core concepts be the same streamline the process, reduce costs, and remove waste.Process improvements apprize be incremental and continuous, or they discharge be giant leaps that fundamentally change the way organizations do business. One thing in common with all process improvement initiatives is that info engineering science is a major component, regardless of the method. Hammer and Champy (1993) state IT is an enabler of BPR, and while this is still true information applied science has become to a greater extent than just an enabler. Just as throwing money at a problem volition not make it go away, a business problem cant be reengineered simply by hrowing new information systems at it (Hammer & Champy, 1993). 1. 1 Business Process Improvement The drive for process improvement is not new. Process improvement methodologies have been developed and utilize for oer 30 years. Six Sigma was developed in the m id 1980s as a way to improve manufacturing processes (Drake, Sutterfield, & Ngassam, 2008). Business process reengineering travailed to the forefront of process improvement in the early 1990s when some felt larger leaps in process performance were ingested.Both of these methods are still among the most widely used today, and have been adjusted to meet modern business needs. There are three important types of process improvement continuous, benchmarking, and reengineering. Continuous is more systematic than simply solving problems as they occur, and can be easily integrated into an organization. Improvements to processes using this methodology are typically small, just now if they are ongoing allow add up to larger gains in improvement over time (Tenner & DeToro, 1997).Continuous improvement is a plan-do-study-act method that uses the quest six footfall model understand the customer, assess efficiency, analyze the process, improve the process, implement changes, and standardi ze and monitor. Before an organization can accomplish higher levels of process improvement, it must first successfull 67 VOL. 3, NO. 1, January 2012 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in figuring and Information Sciences 2009-2012 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http//www. cisjournal. org implement continuous improvement (Tenner & DeToro, 1997).Six Sigma, a continuous improvement methodology, was originally created by Motorola to help reduce manufacturing defects, with a five year goal of no more than 3. 4 defects per million. Analyzing the variation in defects was the key to Six Sigma, which required very accurate data (Drake et al, 2008). This method was designed as a quality improvement initiative, just now its later implementation in other industries and attends allowed for broader application. Bringing an organization in line with the best practices of their industry makes use of the benchmarking methodology.Benchmarking creates greater single improvements than the continuous method, but is more resource intensive and occurs less often (Tenner & DeToro, 1997). Benchmarking is essentially reverse engineering of a process by taking apart a competitors processes (or products) if can be seen how they work and what makes them good. Proper benchmarking requires a four phase, tenstep model. The planning phase includes identifying the benchmark subject, indentifying benchmark partners, and collecting data (Tenner & DeToro, 1997).The analysis phase includes find the performance gap and projecting future performance. The integration phase includes communicating results and establishing goals. The action phase includes developing action plans, implementing the plans and monitoring results, and finally recalibrating the benchmarks (Tenner & DeToro, 1997). Reengineering is the highest level of process improvement. Reengineering creates radical improvements to processes, often resulting in high performance gains. Reengineering requires a highly skilled org anization willing to accept high levels of chance (Tenner & DeToro, 1997).Like the continuous and benchmarking improvement methods, a step-by-step model is needed. The six step model for reengineering includes the following organizing the reengineering project, launching the reengineering project, inventing a new process, integrating, acting, and evaluating (Tenner & DeToro, 1997). The origins of business process reengineering began in the late 1980s, but truly started with an article in the Harvard Business Review which called for the total redesign of business processes.Michael Hammer (1990) felt it was not enough to simply renovate breathing processes, but instead the processes should be removed altogether and replaced with new and improved processes started from a clean slate (El Sawy, 2001). Unlike other methodologies such as Six Sigma, information applied science was seen as from the beginning to be a necessity when trying to achieve BPR (Hammer & Champy, 1993). 1. 2 Inform ation Technologys character in Business Process Reengineering For many BPR authors (Hammer & Champy, 1993 Davenport & Short, 1990 Irani, Hlupic, & Giaglis, 2002), information engineering science is a crucial component of BPR.It is becoming clearer that enthronements only in new IT or BPR projects cannot stand by themselves (Kohli & Hoadley, 2006). Increasing market pressure, as well as an organizations need to innovate, will lead to new IT adoption (Lee, Chu, & Tseng, 2009), but simply implementing new IT will not make BPR work. Hammer and Champy (1993) say it best A caller-up that cannot change the way it thinks about information technology cannot reengineer. A company that equates technology with automation cannot reengineer. A company that looks for problems first and then seeks technology solutions for them cannot reengineer (p. 3). How an organization uses IT will largely fall how well and to what storey they will be able to implement BPR. IT was originally considered si mply as an enabler for BPR (Hammer & Champy, 1993), and while it is still true that IT can enable BPR initiatives, ITs employment in process improvement has become much greater and more varied. IT can be the initiator that drives process improvement, or the tool which makes process improvement possible. Eardley, Shah, and Radman (2008) define six economic consumptions that IT can play in BPR.These roles are constraint, catalyst, neutral, driver, enabler, and proactive. These roles vary in impact from being constraining at the negative end to being proactive at the electropositive end. Legacy IT systems are the most common source of IT constraints. They are considered a constraint because process improvement is held back by old, in flexible IT systems (Eardley, Shah & Radman, 2008). Organizations have switched to client-server systems over time because of cost, but legacy mainframe systems still exist and the benefits of replacing them are debatable (Akhavan, Jafari & Ali-Ahmadi, 2006).The next step towards a positive IT role is that of catalyst. When new information technology is brought into a business and causes changes to business processes, IT becomes a catalyst. While the role of catalyst can be positive, if new information technology is not right for the organization the impact will likely be negative (Eardley et al, 2008). 68 VOL. 3, NO. 1, January 2012 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in figuring and Information Sciences 2009-2012 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http//www. cisjournal. orgSometimes, IT is nothing more than a support tool rather than a key component for process improvement. In these cases, IT is considered neutral. It will typically be seen in various software tools for process design and implementation (Eardley et al, 2008). Moving further toward a positive impact role is that of driver. Information technologys role as driver is the result of a technology push from forced implementation of new information systems that the n require process improvement to take advantage of the new capabilities (Eardley et al, 2008).Purely IT driven BPR without delimit business needs are not desirable and could negatively impact business strategy (Eardley et al, 2008). The role of enabler is generally the most common role associated with BPR and process improvement. Enabler is also a business run role as opposed to a technology push, heart that IT and the business units are aligned from a strategic standpoint, thus leaving no technology gap (Eardley et al, 2008).The enabler role whitethorn be broken rarify into specific impacts as defined by Thomas Davenport (1993) automational (removing human interaction), informational, sequential (reorganizing process sequence), tracking, analytical, geographical (processes from unlike locations are coordinated), integrative (tasks and processes are coordinated), intellectual (intellectual assets are distributed) and disintermediating (process intermediaries are removed). Each of these impacts affects the BPR process differently and to different degrees.The final role for IT in BPR is proactive. Eardley et al. (2008) state that a proactive role is the grand role of IT in BPR (p. 639). This IT role ideally helps create major change as well as supporting BPR. When the organization standardizes BPR within the business and ties it closely with IT and the impact can be tremendous by allowing the ability to transform processes faster and on the fly (Eardley et al, 2008). The impact to each one of these roles has is dependent on the type of BPR projects that each role is coupled with. The types defined by Eardley et al. 2008) are failure, compromise, one-step, evolutionary, and radical. A failure project type can theoretically be matched with the more desirable proactive IT role, but advanced IT would be hindered by a myopic business plan. Conversely, a radical project type matched with a constraint IT role would result in a progressive business plan being w asted by old technology or simply a poor IT infrastructure (Eardley et al, 2008). The ideal coupling of IT roles and BPR types is for evolutionary and radical BPR projects to be joined with proactive and enabler IT oles to achieve the greatest positive impact on the BPR effort and on the business as a whole (Eardley et al, 2008). 1. 3 Performance and value impact on organizations The primary goal of any process improvement project, regardless of method, is to reduce waste, improve efficiency, and ultimately reduce costs. Information technology plays a key role in reaching process improvement goals, but it does not guarantee success. more than than 70 percent of early BPR projects have ended in failure (Ramirez, Melville & Lawler, 2010).Choosing the proper method of process improvement or reengineering with a complementing information technology system will determine the impact on combined effectiveness. A study done by Ramirez et al. (2010) discusses the impact of IT on business pr ocess reengineering with a focus on cost systematisation BPR (doing more with less) and work structure BPR (implementing new business processes). Ramirez et al (2010) found in their study that generally, the relationship of IT and BPR had a positive relationship on not only the production efficiency of a company, but also the market value.It was found that production output was change magnitude by roughly one percent among waded businesses resulting from IT and BPR interaction, thus having a positive association towards operational efficiency (Ramirez et al, 2010). This result holds true for both cost rationalization and work restructure. However, for an organizations BPR investment to get positive returns, the BPR project must be IT centric (Ramirez et al, 2010). This means that BPR projects that are not focused in all around IT will see much lower returns, if any, from the project.While increased performance of production processes and value they add to an organization is sim pler to document, performance improvements that affect an organizations market value are more difficult to discern. To find the impact of IT and BPR on the organizations market value, one must look at all BPR efforts which an organization has attempted, and their cumulative effect on that individual organization (Ramirez et al, 2010). Unlike the impact on production performance, cost rationalization BPR and work restructure BPR interactions with IT are not positively associated in the long term.There is evidence that over an extended period of time that the impact of either type of BPR can be negative in market value. This may be due to the number of BPR failures, especially earlier BPR efforts, in an organization (Ramirez et al, 2010). The one factor that may determine the degree of positive BPR impact on an 69 VOL. 3, NO. 1, January 2012 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences 2009-2012 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http//www. cisjournal . org organization is the appropriate survival of information technology to complement the selection of the right BPR method (Ramirez el al, 2010).While IT and process improvement methodologies such as BPR can stand alone, their impact on each other is significant in improving performance. Research done by Albadvi, Keramati, and Razmi (2007) shows that BPR has a mediating effect on the impact of information technology on an organizations performance. For IT to positively impact the performance of an organization and thus create a return on IT investment, BPR is needed for IT to reach its full authority (Albadvi et al, 2007). The risks involved with an organizations decisions must always be accounted for.The impacts of IT and BPR are no different and must be considered along with performance goals. BPR itself requires an organization to deliberate take risks (Misra, Kumar & Kumar, 2008). Information technology can impact an organizations risk due to BPR in two ways. IT can help m itigate risk by aiding risk management with high quality risk models and process simulation. However IT can also be a source of risk, as BPR will inherently implement new IT systems and IT processes (Misra et al, 2008). Thus organizations must account for all risks involved with IT and BPR implementations.When all aspects, including risk, are considered it is clear that IT and BPR are necessary partners for improving organisational performance and productivity. These improvements will have an impact on a companys overall market value but they can only be maintained long term with careful selection of projects (Ramirez et al, 2010). Beyond their partnership, IT and BPR must also complement each other to reach performance increase goals of an organization. The impacts that IT and BPR have on each other reinforce their recursive relationship. 2.PURPOSE This paper focuses on investigating the role and impact that information technology has had on process improvement. The confederacy of information technology with process improvement and how this combination impacts performance and sometimes the value of the business, as well as examples of IT, will also be discussed. This paper investigates the extent that IT could be used (from low tech to high tech and constrained to proactive), type of process reengineering projects employed (compromise to radical) and their effect on firm performance.The firm performance has been defined as market share, customer relationships Management, IT impact, and efficiency (as multifaceted such as lowering the cost, lowering the process variability, and lead time). 2. 1 The Roles of IT in BPR To determine the role of IT in BPR, existing work in the area (Chan, 2000 Gunasekaran and Nath, 1997 AlMashari and Zairi, 20006, Eardley, 2008) was also examined to determine whether parallels could be established for small-to-medium sized organizations both in service and in manufacturing.Their research found that IT could have six possible role s a constraint, a driver, a neutral, a catalyst, an enabler, or be proactive. The six different roles of IT in BPR are shown in Table 1based on Eardleys model (Eardley, et al, 2008). Table 1 Characteristics of the role of IT in BPR Role of IT Characteristics of the Role Legacy IT systems dominate main business processes. In ? exible IT infrastructures. Lack of skill and/or investment in new IT. Business processes embedded in existing IT systems. Lack of potential for investment in IT due to budgetary factors. Lack of perception of the potential of IT by management.Strategic conjunction is low. New IT has been acquired. Changes in the business have been made that favor the use of IT. New management that sees the potential of IT in business change. New relationship developed with IT vendor, consultant, or service provider. Strategic alignment at crucial stage. constraint Catalyst 70 VOL. 3, NO. 1, January 2012 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sc iences 2009-2012 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http//www. cisjournal. org Neutral Lack of IS applications and IT infrastructure in the organization. No IS or IT strategy in place.Business change targets are not well de? ned. The business is in an industry with low information intensity or little emulation by means of IT. Strategies and infrastructures are in alignment. The business has technological capability and seeks to exploit it through business opportunities. Possibly a new business or a technological innovation. Sufficient investment is available and IT development is not a limiting factor. Strategic alignment process is proceeding rapidly. IT is a key performance factor and a competitive arena in the industry. Management has a clear business vision and a future change plan.Business change targets are well de? ned. Sufficient investment is available and IT development not a limiting factor. Strategic alignment in process. Management has a clear business vision and futur e change plan. The IS and IT infrastructure is well developed. There are few constraints on IT development. Management sees the potential of IT. Strategies and infrastructure are in alignment. device driver Enabler proactive Alan Eardley et al, 2008 described the roles of IT as visualized above, as being on a continuum with the constraining role at the negative extreme and the proactive role at the positive extreme, as shown in Figure 1.Roles of IT in BPR More negative roles More positive roles Constraint Catalyst Neutral Driver Enabler Proactive Figure 1 A continuum of the possible roles of IT in BPR 2. 2 Types of BPR project in the organizations The literature search identi ? ed a number of types of BPR projects in the organizations that were examined, which may be placed on a continuum from failure to radical in terms of their effectiveness in achieving the objectives of major business change (Figure 2). A shortened summary of the characteristics of each type of BPR project is g iven below. Alan Eardley et al, 2008) Failure IT does not have a planned role in the BPR project, or the project has to be abandoned, or it is completed but fails to provide the judge business improvements. Compromise The existing IT infrastructure cannot be changed within the given time scale. The BPR project has to take this into account and although it may be a success, will be limited or unambitious in terms of its reach and range. Such BPR projects typically build islands of automation as they are applied to limited business processes or functions.One-step The reach and range (and therefore the scope and scale) of a one-step BPR project are greater than for Compromise, but the lack of IT support limits the potential of newly designed processes for achieving higher level transformations. In this case IT is not seen by an organization as being truly strategic. 71 VOL. 3, NO. 1, January 2012 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences 20 09-2012 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http//www. cisjournal. org Evolutionary The rate of business change will be incremental through targeted process redesign.The infrastructure will be sufficiently ? exible to cope with progressive change, and the IT strategy will be capable of maintaining alignment with the business strategy over time, although periodic adjustments will be required. Radical This type of BPR project achieves major business change with a high degree of reach and range within an acceptably short time scale. The IT infrastructure is very? exible and copes well with the major step change and the IT and business strategies are completely interdependent, being continuously in alignment. Types of BPR project Less effective types More effective types FailureCompromise One-step Evolutionary Radical Figure 2. A continuum of the possible types of BPR project The proposed framework by Alan Eardley et al, represents the roles of IT in BPR, the types of BPR projects, an d includes the concepts of business draw up and technology push (Figure 3) by superimposing upon the diagram four quadrants (Q1-Q4), which are interpreted as follows (Alan Eardley et al, 2008) Q1. funky technology push and low business pull the lower roles of IT when applied to the lower types of BPR (i. e. to the left of the continuum) are associated with a generally low profile of IT in the organization.Similarly the commission to radical change within the organization may be poor. These factors will interfere with the organizations ability to implement BPR successfully. For instance, IT is likely to be a constraint in an organization that is aiming to achieve at best a compromise approach to organizational change in a forthcoming BPR program. Q2. Low technology push and high business pull the lower roles of IT when applied to the higher types of BPR are associated with an organization that has poor strategic alignment (Avison et al. , 2004).It may suffer corporate ambition in planning a radical BPR program, but its IT strategy is weak (indeed, the whole IT function may be under-represented organizationally) and its IT infrastructure lacks flexibility and pioneerness. IT therefore has a constraining role in an organization that occupies this quadrant (e. g. typical symptoms include legacy systems and islands of automation) and prevents the effective implementation of programs of business change. This occurs irrespective of the organizations ambition or competence in carrying out evolutionary or radical BPR. Q3.High technology push and low business pull the organization that occupies this quadrant has a keen awareness of technological trends and standards, but a relatively poor business model. Its IT infrastructure is probably very advanced, and technology has a high profile although the business model or strategy may be relatively weak or undefined. Such an organization exhibits poor strategic alignment (Avison et al. , 2004) (in common with the ex ample in the previous quadrant), and may not progress beyond a compromise or one step type of BPR, irrespective of its technical competence or resources.The potential of IT to be proactive or enabling in support of business change in this type of organization is wasted. The literature contains many examples (Davenport, 1995) of high technology companies that failed to change as a result of poor business processes and plans. Q4. High technology push and high business pull an organization in this quadrant combines a high profile for IT (e. g. well integrated IT governance and a flexible and open IT infrastructure) with a well-developed business plan and well-designed processes.It is able to achieve a high degree of success in carrying out evolutionary or radical BPR, fully enabled by a proactive IT strategy. However, success is not likely to come about by being competent in isolated functions of IT and business. In order to occupy this quadrant, an organization needs to achieve a hig h level of strategic alignment (Avison et al. , 2004). Note Description of Q1-Q4 is from Alan Eardley et al, 2008) 72 VOL. 3, NO. 1, January 2012 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences 2009-2012 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. ttp//www. cisjournal. org Figure 3 A Proposed framework for evaluating the role of IT in BPR projects. 3. METHODOLOGY A total of 150 small-to-medium sized companies in both manufacturing and service sectors were contacted through the Midwest, and 108 valid questionnaires were returned with an effective rate of 72%. The returned valid questionnaires were adequate regarding the sample size and statistical assumptions to conduct MANOVA. The survey questionnaire was based on four constructs or dimensions and each construct had multiple items or questions for consistency of the measurement.The respondents were required to respond to four questions for each of the four constructs. For each of the questions the respondents h ad to indicate their agreement Q1 HH, high technology push with high business pull. or disagreement on a 11-point Likert-type scale with the end points being 0 for less likely and 10 for more likely. The four constructs determined the four dependent variables for conducting t MANOV . The four response variables were market share, customer relationship management, IT impact on organization, and efficiency (multifaceted, such as lowering cost, lowering process variability, and lead time).Four quadrants of figure 3(Q1Q4) were chosen as four levels of treatment of one factor, which is the quadrant (One way MANOVA) as follows Q1 LL, low technology push with low business pull. Q2 LH, low technology push with high business pull. Q3 HL, high technology push with low business pull. 73 VOL. 3, NO. 1, January 2012 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences 2009-2012 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http//www. cisjournal. org The following MANOVA linear mod el was used to see which quadrant was the optimum point for business performance.The pairwise comparison test was conducted to compare all four quadrants regarding the four dependent variables as representative of business performance. Y1,Y2,Y3,Y4 = B0 + B1X1 + B2 X2 + B3 X3 + B4 X4 + e Before conducting MANOVA, the factor analysis was performed. Table 2 shows the result of factor analysis and factor loading. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Table 2 denture Reliability Cumulative variance explained and Cronbachs alpha for four factors 16 questions suspenses Impact of IT on Organization 0. 988 0. 750 0. 690 0. 790 0. 789 0. 789 0. 689 0. 87 0. 897 0. 745 0. 897 0. 798 0. 698 0. 987 0. 687 0. 786 100. 00 0. 754 Market Share CRM Efficiency call into question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Cumulative variance Cronbachs alpha 28. 588 0. 788 5 6. 595 0. 881 70. 413 0. 974 The following tables shows the distribution of 108 organizations on 4 different quadrants. Table 3 Organization distribution on 4 quadrants Q1 LL 23 Q2 LH 28 Q3 HL 32 Q4 HH 25 4. DISCUSSION AND RESULTSTable 4 shows the result of MANOVA that all respondents means are significantly different for all four quadrants, and different combinations of technology push and business pull achieved different levels of strategic alignment. 74 VOL. 3, NO. 1, January 2012 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences 2009-2012 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http//www. cisjournal. org Table 4. Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Source Quadrants nt IT. Impact M. Share CRM Efficency df 3 3 3 3 F 333. 960 236. 449 45. 051 79. 995 Sig. .000 . 000 . 000 . 00 The pairwise comparison shows the result of business performance for each quadrant as follows Fig. 4 IT Impact 4. 1 Impact of IT on Organization This variable was the highest b oth for HH and LH on an individual basis and again it proved that the organization with high technology alone cannot achieve the same result as the organization either with both high technology push and high business pull (BPR) or only high business pull (BPR). 75 VOL. 3, NO. 1, January 2012 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences 2009-2012 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. ttp//www. cisjournal. org Fig. 5 Market Share 4. 2 Market Share This variable was the highest both for HH and LH respectively and again, it proved that the organization with high technology alone cannot achieve the same result as the organization either with both high technology push and high business pull (BPR) or only high business pull (BPR). Fig. 6 Customer Relationship Management 76 VOL. 3, NO. 1, January 2012 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences 2009-2012 CIS Journal. All rights reserved. http//www. cisjournal. org 4. Custom er Relationship Management This variable was the highest both for HH and LH respectively and again, it proved that the organization with high technology alone cannot achieve the same result as the organization either with both high technology push and high business pull (BPR) or only high business pull (BPR). Fig. 7 Efficiency 4. 4 Efficiency This variable was the highest both for HH and LH respectively and again it proved that the organization with high technology alone cannot achieve the same result as the organization either with both high technology push and high business pull (BPR) or only high business pull (BPR). ecurrent theme (Markus and Robey, 1995, p. 592). The framework demonstrates that no serious BPR effort can afford to ignore the role of IT, and if it does so then the risk of failure is high. It appears that the role of IT in BPR is undervalued at present, especially in terms of its wider and more longterm implications. These implications are as follows. First, IT st rategy and business strategy need to be aligned for maximum benefits to be realized. Second, IT strategy dictates the type of IT infrastructure within a company. Third, the IT strategy and infrastructure should both support the business strategy and even influence it.Most importantly, as change is endemic to corporate life, the IT infrastructure also needs to be flexible in order to cope with changes in the environment and the business strategy (Alan Eardley et al, 2008). 5. IMPLICATIONS OF THE WORK The proposed framework is needed because some organizations attempt to undertake BPR or strategic alignment without giving due reflection to the role of IT in BPR. Indeed, it has been observed that the exclusion and expulsion of IS specialists from BPR programs is a 77 VOL. 3, NO. 1, January 2012 ISSN 2079-8407 Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences 2009-2012 CIS Journal.All rights reserved. http//www. cisjournal. org A flexible IT infrastructure appears to be an increasingly desirable objective for companies in a rapidly changing environment (Avison et al. , 1997). By enabling an organization to exploit potential business opportunities quickly, such flexibility helps give an organization competitive advantage (Duncan, 1995). A key issue for an organization is the configuration of its IT platforms, network, and telecommunications, and this in turn raises questions concerning configuration, compatibility and integration rules, access standards, connectivity of systems, and excess apacity over the current requirements (Duncan, 1995, p. 42). These needs have led to a move towards distributed computing and standardization (or open systems) that give a high level of connectivity. One example of a company that has implemented such an infrastructure for purposes of improving BPR success is Sweden Post (Moreton and Chester, 1997). any process improvement, no social function whether IT is present or not. Therefore, future research should integrat e some dimensions of organizational structure and leadership, mission, and vision as mediating factors. REFERENCES 1 Akhavan, P. , Jafari, M. & Ali-Ahmadi, A. R. (2006). Exploring the interdependency between reengineering and information technology by developing a conceptual model. Business Process Management Journal, 12(4), 517. Retrieved December 12, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. 2 Albadvi, A. , Keramati, A. , & Razmi, J. (2007). Assessing the impact of information technology on firm performance considering the role of intervening variables organizational infrastructures and business processes reengineering. International Journal of Production Research, 45(12), 2697-2734. Retrieved December 9, 2010 from Business Source Premier database. 3 Al-Mashari, M. and Zairi, M. (2000b). Creating a fit between BPR and IT infrastructure a 4 proposed framework for effective implementation. International Journal of Flexible 5 Manufacturing Systems. 12 (4). 253-74. 6 Avison, D. E. , Jones, J. , P owell, P. and Wilson, D. (2004). Using and validating the strategic 7 alignment model. Journal of Strategic Information Systems. 13. 223-46. 8 Avison, D. E. , Eardley, W. A. and Powell, P. (1997) Developing information systems to support 9 flexible strategy, Organisational Computing. 7 (1). 57-77. 10 Chan, S. L. (2000).Information technology on business processes, Business Process Management Journal. 6 (3). 224-37. 11 Davenport, T. (1995). The fad that forgot people. Fast Company. available at www. fastcompany. com/online/01/reengin. html (accessed July 2006). 12 Davenport, T. (1993). Process innovation Reengineering work through information technology. Boston Ernst & Young. 13 Davenport, T. , & Short, J. (1990). The New Industrial Engineering Information Technology and Business Process Redesign. Sloan Management Review. 31(4), 11-27. Retrieved December 10, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. 14 Dedhia, N. (2005). Six sigma basics.Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 6. CONCLUS IONS This paper demonstrates the significance of IT in BPR and their interdependency that then impact business performance that is defined in four important dimensions market share, customer relationship management, IT impact, and efficiency (as multifaceted such as lowering the cost, lowering the process variability, and lead time). This study expanded and further explored the frame work developed by Alan Eardley et al,( 2008) by collecting data from 150 small-to-medium sized companies in both manufacturing and service sectors through the Midwest.They showed the different roles of IT in providing effective support for different types of BPR, and indicated that aiming for a type of BPR that is not compatible with the present role of an IT infrastructure will reduce the probability of success for a BPR project. If this is ignored, a BPR effort will either fail or will not produce the level of results that are often expected from BPR projects ( Alan Eardley et al, 2008). Organization s adapting high technology alone or BPR alone cannot achieve the same result and business performance as the organization that benefits from interdependency between IT and BPR.

Identify three (3) risks of the bid strategy Essay

After identifying the customer key evaluation requirements I feel identified trinity lay on the lines that may affect our bidding outline. First, I want to identify why its important to know your risks when creating a bid outline to help you understand why I choose these top three risks. Risk management is the process of identifying risk issues and the options for controlling them, commissioning a risk assessment, reviewing the results and selecting amongst the assessed options to best meet the goals.The purpose of risk analysis is to help managers better understand the risks (and opportunities) they face and to evaluate the options available for their control. (Vose software, 2007) The top risk of the bid strategy for this company would be price. Price was selected as the top risk because although the company would like to win the bid, the price has to be within a range where they could to a fault make money. The second risk selected is Logistics. This risk was selected since t he product has to travel overseas. Dep curioing on the time frame and the cost to have the product shipped the product may not make it to the terminus in time.It is very important to have the product delivered in a timely manner to satisfy the end user requirements. Thirdly, the put up risk selected is Customer Commitment. Our company must follow all the requirements in order to make the end user happy. Since the product is going overseas it result be hard to follow up on maintenance. Without having our own personnel at the end user location or close to the location it propose also be a challenge if there are any issues with the product. Based on the three risks of the bid strategies that were selected there are also three opportunities to mitigate each risk.First we have the price, now when negotiating on the rate we will really need to do our research. Its important to have noesis of previous pricing and to also include overhead, packaging and transportation. Although, we ha ve to take all these things into consideration we also have to remember we are not the only company bidding on this offer so we must rate acceptable amount. Next, we have logistics. Our company would have to negotiate with a freight forwarder for a reasonable rate to have the freight transported to the final destination.In order to negotiate a reasonable rate we would mention that if the rate offered is good this would be an opportunity for extreme growth. While we are negotiating we would have to make sure the transit times would be guaranteed in order to have freight delivered to the destination on time. Finally, we have customer commitment. This may be the most important opportunity of them all. If our company is able to provide a reliable solution to the end user needs we will gain past performance while making our customer happy.We will provide this service by checking with the customer on a monthly basis and sending an employee over to the end user location every two to three months to check that our products are working correctly. The piece side of risk is opportunity. Every bid carriers with it some opportunities beyond those represented by winning the contract. Potential opportunities include future additions or changes to contract apprise via market share, maintaining dominance in a particular area, protecting an area or contract from assault by competitors, or using the contract as a gateway to future procurements. Osborne, 2011)In goal, by looking into these risks and opportunities we will be able to determine whether we want to bid or no bid. If we cannot provide the end user with the requirements they need in a timely manner at a great cost it will not be secure for us to move forward with the bid procedures. As a company we must protect our brand and our products. So, we need to look closely at this conclusion to make our final bid or no bid decision.

Chris Nolan Auteur Essay

Auteur theory could be applied to Christopher Nolan as his shoot downs feature recurring elements, the theory its self, derives from an influential group of french film critics and film makers during the 1950s (Nykki Montano film 110). Auteur theory examines the individual creative vision and personal perspective of the director, an auteur testament feature recurring themes in their films, from employ the same actors as the protagonist for their films to even using the same cinematographer and composer for the soundtrack. The unique qualities that make Christopher Nolan an auteur are that, for most of his movies Nolan plays on the fragility of memory, for example full-grown his spirits split personalitys or memory loss.This can be seen in Nolans 2000 film Memento. The Film Memento isnt the type of film that has a definite answer. The movie is real just one big interpretive question. The basic question on everyones mind being what is actually going on in this movie? Since the s tory is told backwards and is about a man, Leonard Shelby (played by Guy Pearce) who suffers from a memory disorder. Nolan and Guys character state, Its not amnesia. This makes the movie even more questionable, because the audience is given another factor of confusion that is, can this character be trusted.The way Nolan portrays the joker in the dark night is also typical of the director, as the joker is given no identity, much like Leonard Shelby in Memento Another quality of is that he frequently uses hard cuts when transitioning to the near scene. This is noticeable in his films from Batman Begins onward, especially in The Dark Knight, as in some instances, the hard cuts he uses will go so far as to nearly cut off characters lines in order to quickly and efficiently get to the next scene.

Scarce Source

The treat shortage is an issue that has an increase concern in the wellness c atomic number 18 scheme today and that has been a threat to the quality of care and safety of the patients. The shortage of nurses is not necessarily a shortage of individuals with treat qualifications it is a shortage of nurses unforced to work in the present condition (Buchan & Aiken, 2008, p. 3262). The changes in the government policies in the creation of the new measurements and compensation methods for better quality of care has increased a more critical working condition for the nursing vocation.The United States will have a decline in the quality of wellness care and be jeopardizing the safety of the patients instead of having some positive outcomes. Nursing Shortage Influencing Factors There are five influencing factors that many of the researches have concluded increase in the way out of retiring nurses, noncompetitive salaries, nurses workload and role expectations, and increase opportuniti es outside the profession or going into administrative positions or other talent positions.The decrease in the young people entering the nursing profession has increased the nursing shortage because is leaving the older nurses to come to their retiring year. The junior races is also looking for a more stable profession and are going to other professions as a security blanket for their economic stability. Nurses are also faced with the dissatisfaction of having noncompetitive salaries in their nursing profession and are forced to look for a more stable opportunity outside the profession to meet their needs.Challenges and Consequences of not addressing the issue The nursing shortage must be addressed to find ways of overcoming the challenges and consequences of the issue to decrease the effects of having a ostracise impact on the health care system. To overcome the challenges and consequences one must look at the demand factors and supply factor in the specific countries or region s to deal with the nursing shortage. Some of the demand factors may be demographic and epidemiological trends, service use patterns and macroeconomic condition (Buchan & Aiken, 2008, p. 264). Some of the supply factors qualification be improving recruitment, retention and return-getting, keeping and keeping in touch with these relatively scarce nurses (Buchan & Aiken, 2008, p. 3266). The consequences of not addressing the issue of the nursing shortage will stretch to an increase in the shortage, and poor health care outcomes, including a decrease in the quality of care, medical errors, patient injury, and increase in the infection and combat injury rates. Solution or InnovationThe policy makers need to come up with a motive or a solution that will bring the jr. population to enter the nursing profession and be able to retain that population in the profession for a long time. The solution of the issue for the nursing shortage is not easy, but by increasing different types of motiv es and recruiting methods definitely will decrease some of the nursing shortage. Policy makers should look at interact with educational vouchers and incentive for nurses (Abrahamson, PhD, RN & Fox, PhD, 2009, p. 241).The method for increasing grants or educational loan forgiveness program will increase the incentive for the younger population to feel some kind of security in the nursing profession. Incentives for some of the younger nurses will include bonuses when hired, or an increase in the salary in competitive salaries, and a decrease in the workload in the profession. The government already has some of these solutions in progress, but a package of the incentives is a obedient idea to encourage the younger population to enter the nursing profession. Economic InvestmentThe government is already investing in the nursing profession by the different programs starting to take place for the nursing profession, and increase the entry of the younger population into the nursing profes sion. By increasing the positive outcomes in the health care system the quality of care and safety of the patient will increase, and decreasing the possibility of mortality rates, infection or wound rates, medication errors or even patient injuries. For example one program is the Nursing Loan Repayment Program, which includes repaying the students loans if in agreement to practice at least two old age in a health care organization.Public Efforts The older population should join in an effort to decrease in the nursing shortage by educating the young population, reinforcing the need for a better quality of care and the safety of the patient and also the importance of decreasing the nursing shortage in the health care system. The leaders of the health care system need to join and be able to develop some form of communication to promote the nursing profession, and in exchange be able to have a better health care system. ConclusionThe shortage will continue to get worsened if the workin g conditions do not improve, and the measurements for compensation do not improve in the health care system. The nursing shortage will have a positive outcome once there a good amount of adequate staffing to decrease the number of influencing factors that increase the nursing shortage. Nurses are the main professional component of the front line staff in most health systems, and their contribution is recognized as essential to meeting developmental goals and delivering safe and effectual care (Buchan & Aiken, 2008, p. 3263).

A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor

In A Good musical composition is firm to meet, by Flannery OConnor, the theme is grace, the idea that nonhing we do scum bag save us from our knowledge faults. In the beginning of the bilgewater, the gran talks ab off(a) how you cannot nevertheless trust anybody in the sphere, while she is rattling macrocosm more untrus twainrthy than those of the world. After reading the bosh, you can confab how her actions and her words ar teetotal because she is actu consentaneousy lying and cheating the family. Analyzing the theatrical roles, setting, and mockery of the twaddle, we can see how trust is a major thin come forth throughout the flooring and how they stupefy a rather impaired family.In A Good hu human beingness is Hard to go, the contributions are important because their thoughts and actions merstwhile(a) unneurotic and make the report what it is. If there were angiotensin-converting enzyme region missing, the tarradiddle would not be the same. The du mbfound is a character that knottyly presents any role, and barely ever vocalises anything. Also, in the wreck, the scram was the however one who got hurt. The main(prenominal) thing the mother does is take rail motorrail focal point automobilee of the baby. With that being said, the character of the baby is or soly besides to take up the mothers attention. Also, taking some of the grandmas attention when she holds the baby in her lap for only a few minutes during the ride.June necromancer is Baileys daughter. Throughout the composition, we learn that she is a rather discourteous little girl. She makes rude remarks to e re all toldyone like I wouldnt live in a broken-down plate like this for a million bucks (OConnor, 408) to deprivation surface-to-air missiles wife when talking to the baby. For the most part, she is just a bothersome little girl. Her brother, joke Wesley, is almost just as bad. During the bilgewater, he mostly torments the granny and kicks the fa thers seat repeatedly throughout the whole car ride. He, along with June Star, is disappointed when they make water there were no fatalities in the car stroking.Red Sam is the restaurant owner where the family stopped to eat. Red Sam states, a near(a) man is hard to find (409), when explaining to the nanna close to the men who never gainful their tab. He penurys to see the ripe(p) in e genuinelybody, but explains, Everything is getting terrible. I remember the day you could go off and leave your screen threshold unlatched. Not no more. (409) Bailey is the grandmas only son. He is June Star and John Wesleys father, as well the driver of the car. Bailey likes to think that he is in control of everything, when in reality he is not.He lets the granny s counseling him into handout to Tennessee instead of Florida, where he had primarily intended on taking his family. Bailey and John Wesley are one of the first the get shot later the accident. The grandmother in the story is rather manipulative. From the beginning to the end, she is endlessly nagging and talking the family into different plans. Not only is she this way towards the family, but she in any case tries to talk the Misfit out of turn thumbs downing her and tries to convince him that he is a good boy. She does so by saying things like Youve got good blood I know you wouldnt shoot a ladyI know you gravel from nice people (415). Also, the grandmother is very cin one caseited an poser would be when the narrator says, In carapace of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once she was a lady (406). The grandmother is so tied up with herself that she doesnt want to take over when she is wrong, when on several occasions in the story, she is wrong. The Misfit is a character who injects along towards the end of the story. Arthur Bethea describes The Misfit is an anti-Christ. Jesus love children, whereas children make the anti-Christ Misfit nervous (247).He, along wi th his two-gang men, has escape from prison and now on the loose. They come along after the accident, looking like they are going to be good Samaritans, when actu entirelyy they turn out to be murderers on the run. Along with the role the characters licentiousness in the story, the setting is also essential in which it starts in the family unit, moves to the car, and ends in the forest. At the beginning of the story, all the characters are in the house in an unknown city, debating on where they will go on vacation. Of course, the grandmother does not want to go where Bailey has planned.After they argue and figure out where they will go, they get in the car and head for Tennessee. epoch riding in the car, the grandmother starts think her childhood and demands that Bailey go to an old orchard she remembered. Putting them off track, they end up on a dirt road in gallium where the grandmother realizes but does not say that they are in the wrong spot. After having a car accident, they family ends up in a ditch in the center of attention of nowhere. Little by little, each character is taken into the woods and do not return. In the woods is where the story ends, where the Misfit and his gang members ultimately kill the whole family.The characters and the setting are both important, and they come together to create irony that is launchn throughout the whole story. At the beginning of the story, the grandmother ensures us The Misfit is aloose from the Federal compose and headed towards Florida (405) this being her reasoning for not wanting to go to Florida. Little did they know, along the way, the grandmother would get them at sea and lead them right into the Misfits path. onwards coming intact with the Misfit, the grandmother had nothing good to say about him and judged him without knowing the slightest thing about him.Not until later, when coming face to face with him, she automatically changed her tone when she knew that her life history was in jeopar dy. Another example of irony would be dealing with the cat. At first, the cat was not sibylline to come along on the trip. With the grandmother being so hardheaded, she brought the cat along anyways. The cat jumped up, which is when the accident happened. If the grandmother had just make as Bailey said and left the cat, then the accident may not have ever happened. After analyzing the characters, setting, and irony of A Good Man is Hard to Find, we see how these elements are essential for this story.We can see how plastered behaviors of certain characters, like the gran, lead to dangerous circumstances. If only the grannie would not have thought she was best and had to have everything her way, the entire ruckus would not have happened. escape Cited Bethea Arthur F. OConnors A in force(p) MAN IS HARD TO FIND. Explicator 64. 4 (2006) 246-249. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 Feb. 2013 OConnor, Flannery. A Good Man is Hard to Find. Literature 8th ed. Eds Laurie Kirszner and St ephen Mandell. BostonWadsworth, 2013. 599-621. Print.A Good Man Is Hard to Find By Flannery OConnorCourtney BarnesPage 1 Intro to Lit. Prof. Rupp Feb 18 2013 Youve Got Good Blood Literary Analysis of A Good Man is Hard to Find By Flannery OConnor Youve got good blood. I know you come from nice people,(504) cried the grandmother. beg (505) she pleads using grace and religion to plead to the better nature of what she thinks is still a good man. The story A Good Man is Hard to Find is about a family on vacation to Florida. The family takes a detour down a dirt road to look at an old plantation house that the grandmother tells a story about.She describes the house in such an intriguing way that most of the family is very eager to see it. However on the way the grandmother realizes that the house isnt in atomic number 31 at all but in fact in Tennessee, where she was longing to go instead of Florida. This startles her and she begins bash things around and the cat jumps out of the bas ket landing on Baileys issue causing the car accident that leaves them stranded on the lonely road. When a passing car pelf to attention the grandmother quickly recognizes one of the men as The Misfit, a dangerous man who has escape from prison.The grandmother confronts him and he tells her It probably would have been better for your family if you had not recognized me at all lady. (504) magical spell the Page 2 naan and the Misfit have a conversation about being a good man and how fifty-fifty a man who has turned bad can in fact be good again, the two men that came with the Misfit start breaking apart the family into small groups taking them into the woods to be shot and killed. While her family is being murdered in the woods behind her the Grandmother is pleading for her dear life yelling I know you wouldnt shoot a lady (507) She continued on conversing with the Misfit knowing her family was being brutally murdered, trying to persuade him fanny to a good man. She asks him what he did to go to prison in the first place and he tells her he dont remember, but they tell him that he killed his public address system and they must be right because they have the papers to prove it. As he goes on describing what has happened to him and what they done to him the indorser gets the impression that he was wrongfully convicted. The Grandmother goes on telling him to demand, pray, pray. If you would pray Jesus would help you (507) She goes on telling the Misfit that God has the power to fix things and to bring people back from the dead. She stresses over and over again during the time of their conversation the importance and power of prayer. If you dig deeper into the meaning of the story you can also see that the Grandmother is also pleading and praying for her own forgiveness and life. After all it is her fault that her families passel had become this. The outcome of the story was all consequence of the direct actions of the Grandmother.If she hadnt suggeste d tour the old plantation and made up things to entice the family to want to go then they never would have been on that road. If she wouldnt have brought the cat the accident wouldnt have happened and if she wouldnt have speak of recognizing Page 3 The Misfit murderer then he wouldnt have killed her and her family. She unknowingly led her family to their tragical deaths. In the story the Grandmother is but of course the prominent character. By showing imperfections in her character the condition shows the diagonal property of grace that she possesses.The Grandmother is portrayed as a typical grey woman of this era. She regular(a) dresses very sophisticated for a car trip. She wants to make sure she is recognized as a woman. If she was in an accident anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once she was a lady. The main theme of the story is religion. The plot intends to imageize the spiritual grace passed from one forgiving being to another(prenominal) with no r egard to kindness or evil at all. You get a clear sagaciousness of this in how the Grandmother misinterprets the word good. Grace is clearly used when the Grandmother says to the misfit why you are one of my babies.Youre one of my own children (508) This was used to show him and get him to pull in that they are both human beings. The Grandmother believes that because the Misfit is a good man that he cannot shoot a lady, his conscience just wont allow it. This is where she misinterprets good. The Grandmother is the portrayal of blind cartel that so many of us operate daily from. She tones with all her soul that somewhere in this man is good if she digs deep enough she can bring it out in him. Despite all the bad things he has done, even in killing her family she appeals to the good side of him.Page 4 We all want to belief in the good of mankind. In the face of evil its that very hope and belief that bring back the balance of good to evil in the world. The story focuses on Christ ian beliefs and determine depicts sin and punishment, belief and disbelief, good and evil. The Grandmother is representative of good and godliness. She reminisces on how time were good in her younger days and you could trust people The Misfit represents evil. At one point he symbolizes himself with Christ as they were both punished for crimes they did not commit.Christ died for the sins of others however the Misfit murdered innocent people. The children in the story also play an underline role that you have to pay close attention in launch to catch. They are the symbol of the breakdown of respect and discipline of future generations. In a way the story foreshadows into the way the world will be if we dont teach our children respect for people and heritage. The Grandmother also plays a foreshadowing role when she warns her family of the Misfit and his crimes, here this fellow calls himself the Misfit is a loose from the Federal create verbally and headed to Florida. (497). giving the reader the first clue that the family will eventually run into the Misfit. Page 5 The authors symbolisation throughout the story represents credit/lack of, and death. When the family strays from the course in which they set out on where they eventually are murdered symbolizes how people often stray from their faith in Jesus. even so the town Toombsboro is a symbol of death. The graveyard on the plantation is a cover symbol of death. It was a big black battered hearselike automobile, symbolizes death has arrived.The author brings the reader to the conclusion that redbrick society is drastically changing for the worse. Every day we see the evil growing and prevailing in our society. And in the story the author suggests that if everyone would find Jesus our society would once again operate on Christian morals, set and beliefs. If we teach our children about spirituality and respect while holding them to the up most standards we would be improve the future of our nation. Work s Cited A Good Man is Hard to Find Flannery OConnor / Literature and its writers sixth edition 1955A Good Man Is Hard to Find By Flannery OConnorCourtney BarnesPage 1 Intro to Lit. Prof. Rupp Feb 18 2013 Youve Got Good Blood Literary Analysis of A Good Man is Hard to Find By Flannery OConnor Youve got good blood. I know you come from nice people,(504) cried the grandmother. Pray (505) she pleads using grace and religion to plead to the better nature of what she thinks is still a good man. The story A Good Man is Hard to Find is about a family on vacation to Florida. The family takes a detour down a dirt road to look at an old plantation house that the grandmother tells a story about.She describes the house in such an intriguing way that most of the family is very eager to see it. However on the way the grandmother realizes that the house isnt in Georgia at all but in fact in Tennessee, where she was longing to go instead of Florida. This startles her and she begins knocking things around and the cat jumps out of the basket landing on Baileys neck causing the car accident that leaves them stranded on the lonely road. When a passing car stops to help the grandmother quickly recognizes one of the men as The Misfit, a dangerous man who has escaped from prison.The grandmother confronts him and he tells her It probably would have been better for your family if you had not recognized me at all lady. (504) While the Page 2 Grandmother and the Misfit have a conversation about being a good man and how even a man who has turned bad can in fact be good again, the two men that came with the Misfit start breaking apart the family into small groups taking them into the woods to be shot and killed. While her family is being murdered in the woods behind her the Grandmother is pleading for her dear life shouting I know you wouldnt shoot a lady (507) She continued on conversing with the Misfit knowing her family was being brutally murdered, trying to persuade him back to a goo d man. She asks him what he did to go to prison in the first place and he tells her he dont remember, but they tell him that he killed his dad and they must be right because they have the papers to prove it. As he goes on describing what has happened to him and what they done to him the reader gets the impression that he was wrongfully convicted. The Grandmother goes on telling him to pray, pray, pray. If you would pray Jesus would help you (507) She goes on telling the Misfit that God has the power to fix things and to bring people back from the dead. She stresses over and over again during the time of their conversation the importance and power of prayer. If you dig deeper into the meaning of the story you can also see that the Grandmother is also pleading and praying for her own forgiveness and life. After all it is her fault that her families fate had become this. The outcome of the story was all consequence of the direct actions of the Grandmother.If she hadnt suggested visitin g the old plantation and made up things to entice the family to want to go then they never would have been on that road. If she wouldnt have brought the cat the accident wouldnt have happened and if she wouldnt have spoken of recognizing Page 3 The Misfit murderer then he wouldnt have killed her and her family. She unknowingly led her family to their tragic deaths. In the story the Grandmother is but of course the prominent character. By showing imperfections in her character the author shows the biased property of grace that she possesses.The Grandmother is portrayed as a typical southern woman of this era. She even dresses very sophisticated for a car trip. She wants to make sure she is recognized as a woman. If she was in an accident anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once she was a lady. The main theme of the story is religion. The plot intends to symbolize the spiritual grace passed from one human being to another with no regard to kindness or evil at all. You get a clear understanding of this in how the Grandmother misinterprets the word good. Grace is clearly used when the Grandmother says to the misfit why you are one of my babies.Youre one of my own children (508) This was used to show him and get him to understand that they are both human beings. The Grandmother believes that because the Misfit is a good man that he cannot shoot a lady, his conscience just wont allow it. This is where she misinterprets good. The Grandmother is the portrait of blind faith that so many of us operate daily from. She beliefs with all her soul that somewhere in this man is good if she digs deep enough she can bring it out in him. Despite all the bad things he has done, even in killing her family she appeals to the good side of him.Page 4 We all want to belief in the good of mankind. In the face of evil its that very hope and belief that bring back the balance of good to evil in the world. The story focuses on Christian beliefs and values depicts sin and punishment, belief and disbelief, good and evil. The Grandmother is representative of good and godliness. She reminisces on how times were good in her younger days and you could trust people The Misfit represents evil. At one point he symbolizes himself with Christ as they were both punished for crimes they did not commit.Christ died for the sins of others however the Misfit murdered innocent people. The children in the story also play an underline role that you have to pay close attention in order to catch. They are the symbol of the breakdown of respect and discipline of future generations. In a way the story foreshadows into the way the world will be if we dont teach our children respect for people and heritage. The Grandmother also plays a foreshadowing role when she warns her family of the Misfit and his crimes, here this fellow calls himself the Misfit is a loose from the Federal Pen and headed to Florida. (497). giving the reader the first clue that the family will eventually run into the Misfit. Page 5 The authors symbolism throughout the story represents faith/lack of, and death. When the family strays from the course in which they set out on where they eventually are murdered symbolizes how people often stray from their faith in Jesus. Even the town Toombsboro is a symbol of death. The graveyard on the plantation is a concrete symbol of death. It was a big black battered hearselike automobile, symbolizes death has arrived.The author brings the reader to the conclusion that modern society is drastically changing for the worse. Every day we see the evil growing and prevailing in our society. And in the story the author suggests that if everyone would find Jesus our society would once again operate on Christian morals, values and beliefs. If we teach our children about spirituality and respect while holding them to the up most standards we would be fixing the future of our nation. Works Cited A Good Man is Hard to Find Flannery OConnor / Literature and its writers 6th edition 1955A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnorIn A Good Man is Hard to Find, by Flannery OConnor, the theme is grace, the idea that nothing we do can save us from our own faults. In the beginning of the story, the grandmother talks about how you cannot even trust anybody in the world, while she is actually being more untrustworthy than those of the world. After reading the story, you can see how her actions and her words are ironic because she is actually lying and cheating the family. Analyzing the characters, setting, and irony of the story, we can see how trust is a major issue throughout the story and how they have a rather dysfunctional family.In A Good Man is Hard to Find, the characters are important because their thoughts and actions mold together and make the story what it is. If there were one character missing, the story would not be the same. The mother is a character that hardly plays any role, and hardly ever says anything. Also, in the wre ck, the mother was the only one who got hurt. The main thing the mother does is take care of the baby. With that being said, the character of the baby is mostly just to take up the mothers attention. Also, taking some of the grandmothers attention when she holds the baby in her lap for only a few minutes during the ride.June Star is Baileys daughter. Throughout the story, we learn that she is a rather disrespectful little girl. She makes rude remarks to everyone like I wouldnt live in a broken-down place like this for a million bucks (OConnor, 408) to Red Sams wife when talking to the baby. For the most part, she is just a bothersome little girl. Her brother, John Wesley, is almost just as bad. During the story, he mostly torments the grandmother and kicks the fathers seat repeatedly throughout the whole car ride. He, along with June Star, is disappointed when they realize there were no fatalities in the car accident.Red Sam is the restaurant owner where the family stopped to eat. R ed Sam states, a good man is hard to find (409), when explaining to the grandmother about the men who never paid their tab. He wants to see the good in everybody, but explains, Everything is getting terrible. I remember the day you could go off and leave your screen door unlatched. Not no more. (409) Bailey is the grandmothers only son. He is June Star and John Wesleys father, also the driver of the car. Bailey likes to think that he is in control of everything, when in reality he is not.He lets the grandmother persuade him into going to Tennessee instead of Florida, where he had primarily intended on taking his family. Bailey and John Wesley are one of the first the get shot after the accident. The grandmother in the story is rather manipulative. From the beginning to the end, she is constantly nagging and talking the family into different plans. Not only is she this way towards the family, but she also tries to talk the Misfit out of killing her and tries to convince him that he is a good boy. She does so by saying things like Youve got good blood I know you wouldnt shoot a ladyI know you come from nice people (415). Also, the grandmother is very conceited an example would be when the narrator says, In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once she was a lady (406). The grandmother is so tied up with herself that she doesnt want to admit when she is wrong, when on several occasions in the story, she is wrong. The Misfit is a character who comes along towards the end of the story. Arthur Bethea describes The Misfit is an anti-Christ. Jesus loved children, whereas children make the anti-Christ Misfit nervous (247).He, along with his two-gang men, has escaped from prison and now on the loose. They come along after the accident, looking like they are going to be good Samaritans, when actually they turn out to be murderers on the run. Along with the role the characters play in the story, the setting is also essential in which i t starts in the house, moves to the car, and ends in the woods. At the beginning of the story, all the characters are in the house in an unknown city, debating on where they will go on vacation. Of course, the grandmother does not want to go where Bailey has planned.After they argue and figure out where they will go, they get in the car and head for Tennessee. While riding in the car, the grandmother starts remembering her childhood and demands that Bailey go to an old plantation she remembered. Putting them off track, they end up on a dirt road in Georgia where the grandmother realizes but does not say that they are in the wrong spot. After having a car accident, they family ends up in a ditch in the middle of nowhere. Little by little, each character is taken into the woods and do not return. In the woods is where the story ends, where the Misfit and his gang members ultimately kill the whole family.The characters and the setting are both important, and they come together to creat e irony that is shown throughout the whole story. At the beginning of the story, the grandmother tells us The Misfit is aloose from the Federal Pen and headed towards Florida (405) this being her reasoning for not wanting to go to Florida. Little did they know, along the way, the grandmother would get them lost and lead them right into the Misfits path. Before coming intact with the Misfit, the grandmother had nothing good to say about him and judged him without knowing the slightest thing about him.Not until later, when coming face to face with him, she automatically changed her tone when she knew that her life was in jeopardy. Another example of irony would be dealing with the cat. At first, the cat was not supposed to come along on the trip. With the grandmother being so hardheaded, she brought the cat along anyways. The cat jumped up, which is when the accident happened. If the grandmother had just done as Bailey said and left the cat, then the accident may not have ever happene d. After analyzing the characters, setting, and irony of A Good Man is Hard to Find, we see how these elements are essential for this story.We can see how certain behaviors of certain characters, like the Grandmother, lead to dangerous circumstances. If only the Grandmother would not have thought she was superior and had to have everything her way, the entire ruckus would not have happened. Work Cited Bethea Arthur F. OConnors A GOOD MAN IS HARD TO FIND. Explicator 64. 4 (2006) 246-249. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 Feb. 2013 OConnor, Flannery. A Good Man is Hard to Find. Literature 8th ed. Eds Laurie Kirszner and Stephen Mandell. BostonWadsworth, 2013. 599-621. Print.